Sunday, September 30, 2012

Types of Nonverbal Communication

Types of Nonverbal Communication
 8 Major Behaviors:

1. Facial Expression

Facial expressions are responsible for a huge proportion of nonverbal communication. Consider how much information can be conveyed with a smile or a frown. While nonverbal communication and behavior can vary dramatically between cultures, the facial expressions for happiness, sadness, anger and fear are similar throughout the world.


2. Gestures

Deliberate movements and signals are an important way to communicate meaning without words. Common gestures include waving, pointing, and using fingers to indicate numeric amounts. Other gestures are arbitrary and related to culture.


3. Paralinguistics

Paralinguistics refers to vocal communication that is separate from actual language. This includes factors such as tone of voice, loudness, inflection and pitch. Consider the powerful effect that tone of voice can have on the meaning of a sentence. When said in a strong tone of voice, listeners might interpret approval and enthusiasm. The same words said in a hesitant tone of voice might convey disapproval and a lack of interest.


4. Body Language and Posture

Posture and movement can also convey a great deal on information. Research on body language has grown significantly since the 1970's, but popular media have focused on the over-interpretation of defensive postures, arm-crossing, and leg-crossing, especially after the publication of Julius Fast's book Body Language. While these nonverbal behaviors can indicate feelings and attitudes, research suggests that body language is far more subtle and less definitive that previously believed.


5. Proxemics

People often refer to their need for "personal space," which is also an important type of nonverbal communication. The amount of distance we need and the amount of space we perceive as belonging to us is influenced by a number of factors including social norms, situational factors, personality characteristics and level of familiarity. For example, the amount of personal space needed when having a casual conversation with another person usually varies between 18 inches to four feet. On the other hand, the personal distance needed when speaking to a crowd of people is around 10 to 12 feet.


6. Eye Gaze

Looking, staring and blinking can also be important nonverbal behaviors. When people encounter people or things that they like, the rate of blinking increases and pupils dilate. Looking at another person can indicate a range of emotions, including hostility, interest and attraction.


7. Haptics

Communicating through touch is another important nonverbal behavior. There has been a substantial amount of research on the importance of touch in infancy and early childhood. Harry Harlow's classic monkey study demonstrated how the deprivation of touch and contact impedes development. Baby monkeys raised by wire mothers experienced permanent deficits in behavior and social interaction. Touch can be used to communicate affection, familiarity, sympathy and other emotions.


8. Appearance

Our choice of color, clothing, hairstyles and other factors affecting appearance are also considered a means of nonverbal communication. Research on color psychology has demonstrated that different colors can evoke different moods. Appearance can also alter physiological reactions, judgments and interpretations. Just think of all the subtle judgements you quickly make about someone based on his or her appearance. These first impressions are important, which is why experts suggest that job seekers dress appropriately for interviews with potential employers.

Psychology-16 Personalities

How well do you know your own personality? When you reach human-level..formless like water...u can adapt and become anything listed below anytime anywhere...be water my friends!

Descriptors of Low Range
 -16 PRIMARY FACTORS-
Descriptors of High Range

Impersonal, distant, cool, reserved, detached, formal, aloof
-WARMTH-
 Warm, outgoing, attentive to others, kindly, easy-going, participating, like
s people

Concrete thinking, lower general mental capacity, less intelligent, unable to handle abstract problems
 -REASONING-
 Abstract-thinking, more intelligent, bright, higher general mental capacity, fast learner

Reactive emotionally, changeable, affected by feelings, emotionally less stable, easily upset
 -EMOTIONAL STABILITY-
 Emotionally stable, adaptive, mature, faces reality calmly

Deferential, cooperative, avoids conflict, submissive, humble, obedient, easily led, docile, accommodating
-DOMINANCE-
 Dominant, forceful, assertive, aggressive, competitive, stubborn, bossy

Serious, restrained, prudent, taciturn, introspective, silent
-LIVELINESS
 Lively, animated, spontaneous, enthusiastic, happy-go-lucky, cheerful, expressive, impulsive

Expedient, nonconforming, disregards rules, self indulgent
- RULE-CONSCIOUSNESS -
 Rule-conscious, dutiful, conscientious, conforming, moralistic, staid, rule bound

Shy, threat-sensitive, timid, hesitant, intimidated
 -SOCIAL BOLDNESS-
 Socially bold, venturesome, thick-skinned, uninhibited

Utilitarian, objective, unsentimental, tough minded, self-reliant, no-nonsense, rough
 -SENSITIVITY-
 Sensitive, aesthetic, sentimental, tender-minded, intuitive, refined

Trusting, unsuspecting, accepting, unconditional, easy
 -VIGILANCE-
 Vigilant, suspicious, skeptical, distrustful, oppositional

Grounded, practical, prosaic, solution oriented, steady, conventional
-ABSTRACTEDNESS-
 Abstract, imaginative, absent minded, impractical, absorbed in ideas

Forthright, genuine, artless, open, guileless, naive, unpretentious, involved
 -PRIVATENESS-
 Private, discreet, non-disclosing, shrewd, polished, worldly, astute, diplomatic

Self-assured, unworried, complacent, secure, free of guilt, confident, self satisfied
 -APPREHENSION-
 Apprehensive, self-doubting, worried, guilt prone, insecure, worrying, self blaming

Traditional, attached to familiar, conservative, respecting traditional ideas
-OPENNESS TO CHANGE-
 Open to change, experimental, liberal, analytical, critical, free-thinking, flexibility

Group-oriented, affiliative, a joiner and follower dependent Self-Reliance
 -SELF RELIANCE-
 Self-reliant, solitary, resourceful, individualistic, self-sufficient

Tolerates disorder, unexacting, flexible, undisciplined, lax, self-conflict, impulsive, careless of social rules, uncontrolled
 -PERFECTIONISM-
Perfectionistic, organized, compulsive, self-disciplined, socially precise, exacting will power, control, self-sentimental

Relaxed, placid, tranquil, torpid, patient, composed low drive
 -TENSION-
 Tense, high energy, impatient, driven, frustrated, over wrought, time driven.
The Big Five framework of personality traits; a robust model for understanding the relationship between personality and various academic behaviors. The Big Five factors are:
Openness (inventive/curious vs. consistent/cautious)
Conscientiousness (efficient/organized vs. easy-going/careless)
Extraversion (outgoing/energetic vs. solitary/reserved)
Agreeableness (friendly/compassionate vs. cold/unkind)
Neuroticism (sensitive/nervous vs. secure/confident)
Acronyms commonly used to refer to the five traits collectively are OCEAN or CANOE.


Some of the areas of psychology I'm more interested in: COGNITIVE, COMMUNITY, EDUCATIONAL, EVOLUTIONARY, HEALTH, MEDIA, PERSONALITY, SOCIAL and DEVELOPMENTAL.

COGNITIVE psychology studies cognition, the mental processes underlying mental activity. Perception, learning, problem solving, reasoning, thinking, memory, attention, language and emotion are areas of research.

COMMUNITY psychology deals
with the relationships of the individual to communities and the wider society. Community psychologists seek to understand the quality of life of individuals, communities, and society. Their aim is to enhance quality of life through collaborative research and action.Community psychology makes use of various perspectives within and outside of psychology to address issues of communities, the relationships within them, and people's attitudes about them. Through collaborative research and action, community psychologists (practitioners and researchers) seek to understand and to enhance quality of life for individuals, communities, and society. Community psychology takes a public health approach and focuses on PREVENTION and early intervention as a means to solve problems in addition to treatment. The perspective of community psychology is an ecological perspective with the person-environment fit being the FOCUS OF STUDY AND ACTION instead of attempting to change the person or the environment when an individual is seen as having a problem.

EDUCATIONAL psychology is the study of how humans learn in educational settings, the effectiveness of educational interventions, the psychology of teaching, and the social psychology of schools as organizations. Child psychologists create teaching methods and educational practices. Educational psychology is often included in teacher education programs, at least in North America, Australia, and New Zealand.

EVOLUTIONARY psychology explores the genetic roots of mental and behavioral patterns, and posits that common patterns may have emerged because they were highly adaptive for humans in the environments of their evolutionary past.

HEALTH psychology is the application of psychological theory and research to health, illness and health care. Whereas clinical psychology focuses on mental health and neurological illness, health psychology is concerned with the psychology of a much wider range of health-related behavior including healthy eating, the doctor-patient relationship, a patient's understanding of health information, and beliefs about illness. Health psychologists may be involved in public health campaigns, examining the impact of illness or health policy on quality of life and in research into the psychological impact of health and social care.

MEDIA psychology seeks an understanding of the relationships between mediated communication and the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of the senders and recipients of the communication. For instance, a media psychologist might determine that depressed individuals are especially likely to watch television.

PERSONALITY psychology studies enduring patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion in individuals, commonly referred to as personality. Theories of personality vary across different psychological schools and orientations. They carry different assumptions about such issues as the role of the unconscious and the importance of childhood experience. According to Freud, personality is based on the dynamic interactions of the ego, superego, and id. Trait theorists, in contrast, attempt to analyze personality in terms of a discrete number of key traits by the statistical method of factor analysis.

SOCIAL psychology is the study of social behavior and mental processes, with an emphasis on how humans think about each other and how they relate to each other. Social psychologists are especially interested in how people react to social situations. They study such topics as the influence of others on an individual's behavior (e.g. conformity, persuasion), and the formation of beliefs, attitudes, and stereotypes about other people. Social cognition fuses elements of social and cognitive psychology in order to understand how people process, remember, and distort social information. The study of group dynamics reveals information about the nature and potential optimization of leadership, communication, and other phenomena that emerge at least at the microsocial level. In recent years, many social psychologists have become increasingly interested in implicit measures, mediational models, and the interaction of both person and social variables in accounting for behavior.

Mainly focusing on the development of the human mind through the life span, DEVELOPMENTAL psychology seeks to understand how people come to perceive, understand, and act within the world and how these processes change as they age. This may focus on intellectual, cognitive, neural, social, or moral development.

MORAL DEVELOPMENT focuses on the emergence, change, and understanding of morality from infancy through adulthood. In the field of moral development, morality is defined as principles for how individuals ought to treat one another, with respect to justice, others’ welfare, and rights. In order to investigate how individuals understand morality, it is essential to measure their beliefs, emotions, attitudes, and behaviors that contribute to moral understanding. The field of moral development studies the role of peers and parents in facilitating moral development, the role of conscience and values, socialization and cultural influences, empathy and altruism, and positive development. The interest in morality spans many disciplines (e.g., philosophy, economics, biology, and political science) and specializations within psychology (e.g., social, cognitive, and cultural). Moral developmental psychology research focuses on questions of origins and change in morality across the lifespan.

One of my favorite Mind Game:
Reverse psychology is a technique involving the advocacy of a belief or behavior that is opposite to the one desired, with the expectation that this approach will encourage the subject of the persuasion to do what actually is desired: the opposite of what is suggested. This technique relies on the psychological phenomenon of reactance, in which a person has a negativ
e emotional response in reaction to being persuaded, and thus chooses the option which is being advocated against.

Reverse psychology can also prey on a person's ego, as when it is used, it can make the target feel incompetent; effectively persuading the person to perform the desired action. When this psychology is used in limit it is going to give best results. But when used invariably its going to be a very bad hit on the potential of the child/individual. Whenever this psychology is used the brain triggers on the questioning of the opponent and forces and believes that it has the individual to work on the act. The main reason is there will be a minor hit on the ego of the individual.

PTIM0nK's Philosophy/Thoughts/Dreams (Sep2012)

Many things have been always as they are...until there are social medias like youtube, facebook and stomp revealing the ugly side of human beings affecting the mindset of our future generations. Time shall reveal all consequences...
 -PTIM0nK


There is no need to let others know on purpose or explain or prove oneself, for a True Master do not need to go down the "mountain" to seek for any student.
 -PTIM0nK


Grasp ideas,improvise and adapt and inculcate into your HBMS.
 -PTIM0nK


Using external forces to indirectly force a change/awareness/growth in its people by the powerful thus breaking "trapped" people away from all forms of cycles...those who fail to adapt shall suffer...I'm loving it! =)
 -PTIM0nK


The internet is full of knowledge and nonsense, the stupid pickup more nonsense, the clever pickup more knowledge and the wise pickup knowledge from both.
 -PTIM0nK


I prefer to be true to myself, even at the hazard of incurring the ridicule of others, rather than to be false, and to incur my own abhorrence.
 ~Frederick Douglass


Why the media always mention "all men are the same" but i have yet to hear any mention "all women are the same" ? this might be one of the "hidden brainwashing" repeatedly shaping the mindsets of most..off-tracking "secret values" between the sexes..causing problems that doesn't exist in the past to arise.
 -PTIM0nK


Old-time Parents' "Ultimate" communication technique to nurture a child:
 6 "secret" questions to "educate" your child to become clever and obedient. =)
 go where? 去哪裡?
 go with who? 和誰一起去?
 what time come back? 什麼時候回來?
 what you eat? 吃什麼?
 finish your homework? 做完你的功課嗎?
 get how many "A"s? 考到几个"A"s ?
 and finally...end any conversation with below:
 you will know when you grow up! 你长大了就会知道!
 -PTIM0nK Sarcasm


Feelings n emotions will change overtime, results in the bigger picture doesnt lie, but to gain respect is by acknowledging before showing others the bigger picture...not by proving ppl wrong with good results.
-PTIM0nK


“There’s nothing that can help you understand your beliefs more than trying to explain them to an inquisitive child.”
 - Frank A. Clark


旧的不去新的不来: applies to almost everything logically. A Change only takes place if you are aware to make space for one and to trigger your mind to find something to cover the empty space. Once you are satisfied, the cycle continues and you shall return to your comfort zone till the next awareness to change occurs.
 -PTIM0nK



As we express our gratitude , we must never forget that the highest appreciation is not to utter words, but to live by them.
 ~ John F. Kennedy


Rich and successful people are solution-oriented; they spend their time and energy strategizing and planning the answers to challenges that come up, and creating systems to make certain that problem doesn’t occur again.
-???


Any personal breakthrough is nothing more than a sense of achievement once achieved, merely a pointer to self-satisfaction and ego , however crucial for maintaining a certain level of self-esteem hold on subconsciously which creates a sense of personal identity.
 -PTIM0nK



If you fail to take the 1st step by taking action, and instead just talk about it, u shall be blinded from many other possible paths awaiting for you.
 -PTIM0nK


"Continuous effort - not strength or intelligence - is the key to unlocking our potential." - Winston Churchill


Life is a MMORPG, if you like it fun and exciting, it will be...if you find it boring or tough it will also be. So how do you want to play the game of life?
 -PTIM0nK


To counter reverse psychology is to use reverse-reverse psychology to reveal the truth and find out everything behind the scene.
 -PTIM0nK


Master of natural real life actor and powerful human-reader.."grabbing info" within & behind the scene..only those who possess these power will notice another with it.
 -PTIM0nK


A well-planned speech can only influence positively when hearts are truely touched resulting in changes through others' subconcious minds causing action taken that continuously shape the universe via law of attraction.
 However those hearts untouched will result in reverse psychology effect for respect is not gained due to the difference in outcome and what is said leaving bad impression and negativity in the long run. A truely powerful leader will not have fear to admit faults and take responsibility of bad outcomes before one can change others' mindset again.
 -PTIM0nK


Converting raw data into self-knowledge and then converting self-knowledge into wisdom is such a beautiful art.
 -PTIM0nK


An opinion given by one for an open question/topic/study can reveal one's identity and standing. The wiser can shift oneself to any point of view to understand where others' views are coming from, and esp accurate just by knowing what one has been working as.
 -PTIM0nK


Every living soul is reborn to give and every past is the "price" we paid.
 -PTIM0nK


The current world is about human beings, in my opinion...an extremist focus his thoughts on planning to do something...not taking our fellow humans' future into considerations...he is selfish to the certain extent and that the amount of time he spent in this way i consider as wasted time.
 -PTIM0nK


Human shapes the world with their thoughts which manifest into destiny and fate of the entire human race. All the negativity from the past shall surface in the form of tragedy,disaster and terrorism.
 -PTIM0nK


You are who you are now for positioning your physical body around the people you choose to listen,observe and learn via law of attraction.
 -PTIM0nK


You can have lots of fun noisy times or you can grow yourself with lots of quiet times.
-PTIM0nK


I always enjoy acting a different me to observe and to read humans inside-out. It is obvious to me when one acted inconsistently. Different age categories indeed behave in a certain way particularly due to the info they feed themselve with since birth by the law of attraction. It's obvious and easy to catch the difference for the older gen humans whether they have catch up with the rapid changes in this world and to what extend and those who are "stuck" in their own unique cycles.
 -PTIM0nK


One rate the importance of his own thoughts. A $ minded businessman will be aroused by $ making thoughts while one might unknowingly offend another with opposing thoughts due to clash of interest and rating others' thoughts as of lower importance.
 -PTIM0nK


The root of all problems is humans' mindset caused by the education and media they received while they remain curious and open, however once their mindset is deeply rooted, i believe it's too late. It's almost impossible to uproot the mindset of majority in a short period of time as a sudden major change is just too rare but may begin to take place gradually if they continue to believe in the directions set by the leaders and remain receptive to the coaches.
 -PTIM0nK


The root of all problems is like initial stage of a snowball effect,a vicious circle, a "spiral of decline", the slower it is being tackled...the harder to solve it. As it rolls, the ball will pick up more snow, gaining more mass and surface area, and picking up even more snow and momentum as it rolls along. It might even crash someday. The Art of Prevention is to stop any from rolling down the hi
llside. As the world is evolving in an increasing rate, more and more small balls of snow built up from the past have already rolled into bigger ones. Humans can continue to live in denial and ignore these rolling snowballs but the impact of such shall be the consequences for our own future of humanity.
 -PTIM0nK


1 hr of gangnam style a day keeps the doctor and fats away! XD
-PTIM0nK


“There are only two ways to live your life. One is as though nothing is a miracle. The other is as though everything is a miracle.”
 ― Albert Einstein


Strong brand=differentiation->unique selling proposition->Innovation. Else competing price.
-Business Branding



WEB INFO:
Whether we recognize it or not, the information that we expose ourselves to, fills our inner space on some level, and affects our emotions and desires.

And if we are not careful, we can easily rush through life, while spending our precious time on this planet focused on that which does not matter – and then wonder where did my life go? Why do I feel unsettled and easily irritated? Why do I feel unfulfilled and incomplete? And then we die wondering.

If you are here, breathing and reading this right now, then you have been blessed with this day, to wake up! Wake up and take control of your destiny, starting with what you focus on and allow into your life (regardless of your age).
Follow these four rules to inner cleanse:

Say what you mean. Mean what you say.
 Don’t say to anyone unless you can say to everyone.
 Don’t say inside, what you cannot say outside.
 Don’t say unless it is true, useful or kind.

Living life pure and shiny without fear...my true enlightenment...for real freedom
There are always at least two sides to every story, but in an unconscious state, we passionately choose one side and attach ourselves to it. Of course, if I were to ask the other people involved, they too would give you a side of the story that demonstrated unfairness towards them and their interests. After all, when feelings are hurt and pride is on the line, the easiest thing to do is to find a villain to absorb the blame. Where the ego’s concerned, it’s always a losing battle.
All challenges are there to teach us a lesson, embrace it.
 We experience what we put out. - Law of Attraction

Every day, there are miracles happening all around us, yet, in a state of deep unawareness, we fail to see them.Even the happiest of events, can be diluted when we’re consumed with problems.

Our minds are naturally and automatically attracted to problems. Even when everything else is goi
ng well, our mind looks for conflicts, issues, differences and problems. We can’t handle how happy we actually are, and how there’s really nothing to be worried about. Without problems, our ego has nothing to cling to.

All problems are rooted in our interpretation of an external circumstance. Thus, all problems are really created in our heads. They don’t actually exist, except in our own projection of a tale we have convinced ourselves of and believe to be true.

We suffer, unnecessarily, in advance of an anticipated outcome or event. Nothing has happened yet, but because we have imagined the worst case scenario in our mind, we become afraid of what might happen. As a result, we suffer in advance of a possible scenario that may or may not take place in the future.

There is nothing we can’t handle, even death. It doesn’t matter how much suffering we endure ahead of time, when the anticipated event happens, it happens, and we move on. The actual event is rarely as bad as we had anticipated. We are stronger than we think.
Every single day, we have the choice to choose between problems and no problems. It’s the meaning we give to something that defines how we feel about that thing.

Every moment of every day, we have choices. We always have choices.

We can choose to see the good in people and circumstances.
 We can choose to give love and compassion.
 We can choose to smile.
 We can choose to take responsibility.
 We can choose to surrender to the moment.
 We can choose to change ourselves.
 We can choose to focus on things we enjoy.
 We can choose to take action.
 We can choose happiness.

U can change anytime anywhere.